Security-Hardening Runde 10: Security-Monitoring + Alerting

Defense-in-Depth für alles, was in den ersten 9 Runden nicht durch Code
verhindert wurde: zumindest gesehen + alarmiert werden.

📊 SecurityEvent-Tabelle (Prisma)
- Type/Severity/IP/User/Endpoint + Indexen für Filter+Threshold-Detection
- Trennt sich vom AuditLog: AuditLog ist forensisch + hash-gekettet,
  SecurityEvent ist optimiert für Realtime-Alerting + Aggregation.

🪝 Hooks an kritischen Stellen
- Login (Success/Failed) – auth.controller
- Logout, Password-Reset (Request + Confirm) – auth.controller
- Rate-Limit-Hit – middleware/rateLimit
- IDOR-403 – utils/accessControl (canAccessCustomer / canAccessContract)
- SSRF-Block – emailProvider.controller (test-connection + test-mail-access)
- JWT-Reject (alg=none, expired, manipuliert) – middleware/auth

🚨 Threshold-Detection + Alerting (securityAlert.service.ts)
- Cron jede Minute: prüft Brute-Force-Patterns je IP
  - 10× LOGIN_FAILED in 60 min  → CRITICAL Brute-Force-Verdacht
  -  5× ACCESS_DENIED in 5 min  → CRITICAL IDOR-Probing-Verdacht
  -  3× SSRF_BLOCKED in 60 min  → CRITICAL SSRF-Probing
  -  3× TOKEN_REJECTED HIGH in 5 min → CRITICAL JWT-Manipulation
- CRITICAL-Events: Sofort-Alert per E-Mail (debounced)
- Cron stündlich: Digest mit HIGH+MEDIUM-Events (wenn aktiviert)
- Sofort-Alert + Digest laufen über System-E-Mail-Provider
  (gleicher Pfad wie Geburtstagsgrüße, Passwort-Reset)

🖥 Frontend: Settings → "Sicherheits-Monitoring"
- Alert-E-Mail-Adresse + Digest-Toggle
- Test-Alert-Button + Digest-jetzt-Button
- Stats-Cards pro Severity (CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/INFO)
- Filter (Type/Severity/Search/IP) + Pagination
- Auto-Refresh alle 30 s
- Verlinkt aus Settings-Übersicht (settings:read Permission)

🧪 Live-verifiziert
- Login-Fehlversuch → LOGIN_FAILED Event
- Portal probt 4× fremde Customer-IDs → 4× ACCESS_DENIED
- SSRF-Probe (169.254.169.254) → SSRF_BLOCKED Event
- 12× LOGIN_FAILED simuliert → Cron erzeugt CRITICAL nach ≤60s
- CRITICAL-Sofort-Alert binnen 30s zugestellt
- Test-Alert-Button: E-Mail zugestellt
- Hourly-Digest mit 5 Events: E-Mail mit Tabelle zugestellt

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -1113,3 +1113,53 @@ model AuditRetentionPolicy {
 
   @@unique([resourceType, sensitivity])
 }
+
+// ==================== SECURITY MONITORING ====================
+// Sicherheitsrelevante Events für Realtime-Alerting + Forensik.
+// Im Gegensatz zum AuditLog (forensisch, hash-gekettet) ist das hier
+// optimiert für schnelles Filtern + Alerting (nicht-tamper-evident, dafür
+// effizient querybar). Threshold-Detection läuft per Cron.
+
+enum SecurityEventType {
+  LOGIN_FAILED            // falsches Passwort / unbekannter User
+  LOGIN_SUCCESS           // erfolgreicher Login (informativ)
+  RATE_LIMIT_HIT          // express-rate-limit hat zugeschlagen
+  ACCESS_DENIED           // 403 von canAccess* (versuchter IDOR)
+  SSRF_BLOCKED            // ssrfGuard hat geblockte Adresse abgefangen
+  PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST  // Reset-Mail angefordert
+  PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIRM  // Reset abgeschlossen
+  LOGOUT                  // expliziter Logout
+  TOKEN_REJECTED          // ungültiger / abgelaufener / manipulierter JWT
+  PERMISSION_CHANGED      // Admin hat Rolle/Permission geändert
+  SUSPICIOUS              // generischer Catch-All
+}
+
+enum SecuritySeverity {
+  INFO      // Login-Success, Logout
+  LOW       // Einzelner failed Login, einzelner 403
+  MEDIUM    // Rate-Limit-Hit, mehrere 403er
+  HIGH      // SSRF-Block, JWT-Manipulation
+  CRITICAL  // Threshold überschritten (>10 failed login/h, >5 403/min)
+}
+
+model SecurityEvent {
+  id          Int                @id @default(autoincrement())
+  type        SecurityEventType
+  severity    SecuritySeverity
+  message     String             @db.Text
+  ipAddress   String?
+  userId      Int?               // Mitarbeiter (falls eingeloggt)
+  customerId  Int?               // Portal-Kunde (falls eingeloggt)
+  userEmail   String?            // beste Schätzung – auch bei nicht eingeloggt
+  endpoint    String?            // betroffener Endpoint
+  details     Json?              // strukturierte Zusatzinfo
+  alerted     Boolean            @default(false)  // schon per Email versendet?
+  alertedAt   DateTime?
+
+  createdAt   DateTime           @default(now())
+
+  @@index([type, createdAt])
+  @@index([severity, createdAt])
+  @@index([ipAddress, createdAt])
+  @@index([alerted, severity])
+}

backend/src/controllers/auth.controller.ts

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ import { Request, Response } from 'express';
 import * as authService from '../services/auth.service.js';
 import { AuthRequest, ApiResponse } from '../types/index.js';
 import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent, contextFromRequest } from '../services/securityMonitor.service.js';
 
 // Mitarbeiter-Login
 export async function login(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  const { email, password } = req.body || {};
+  const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
   try {
-    const { email, password } = req.body;
-
     if (!email || !password) {
       res.status(400).json({
         success: false,
@@ -17,8 +18,25 @@ export async function login(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> {
     }
 
     const result = await authService.login(email, password);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'LOGIN_SUCCESS',
+      severity: 'INFO',
+      message: `Mitarbeiter-Login: ${email}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userId: result.user.id,
+      userEmail: email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.json({ success: true, data: result } as ApiResponse);
   } catch (error) {
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'LOGIN_FAILED',
+      severity: 'LOW',
+      message: `Login-Fehlversuch (Mitarbeiter): ${email || '<leer>'}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userEmail: email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.status(401).json({
       success: false,
       error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen',
@@ -28,9 +46,9 @@ export async function login(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> {
 
 // Kundenportal-Login
 export async function customerLogin(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  const { email, password } = req.body || {};
+  const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
   try {
-    const { email, password } = req.body;
-
     if (!email || !password) {
       res.status(400).json({
         success: false,
@@ -40,8 +58,25 @@ export async function customerLogin(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void>
     }
 
     const result = await authService.customerLogin(email, password);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'LOGIN_SUCCESS',
+      severity: 'INFO',
+      message: `Portal-Login: ${email}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      customerId: result.user.customerId,
+      userEmail: email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.json({ success: true, data: result } as ApiResponse);
   } catch (error) {
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'LOGIN_FAILED',
+      severity: 'LOW',
+      message: `Login-Fehlversuch (Portal): ${email || '<leer>'}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userEmail: email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.status(401).json({
       success: false,
       error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen',
@@ -115,6 +150,17 @@ export async function requestPasswordReset(req: Request, res: Response): Promise
 
     await authService.requestPasswordReset(email, userType === 'portal' ? 'portal' : 'admin');
 
+    const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST',
+      severity: 'MEDIUM',
+      message: `Passwort-Reset angefordert (${userType === 'portal' ? 'Portal' : 'Mitarbeiter'}): ${email}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userEmail: email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+      details: { userType: userType === 'portal' ? 'portal' : 'admin' },
+    });
+
     // IMMER success senden, damit Angreifer nicht herausfinden kann welche Emails existieren
     res.json({
       success: true,
@@ -155,11 +201,28 @@ export async function confirmPasswordReset(req: Request, res: Response): Promise
 
     await authService.confirmPasswordReset(token, password);
 
+    const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIRM',
+      severity: 'HIGH',
+      message: 'Passwort-Reset abgeschlossen',
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
+
     res.json({
       success: true,
       message: 'Passwort erfolgreich zurückgesetzt. Du kannst dich jetzt einloggen.',
     } as ApiResponse);
   } catch (error) {
+    const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'TOKEN_REJECTED',
+      severity: 'MEDIUM',
+      message: 'Passwort-Reset mit ungültigem/abgelaufenem Token versucht',
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.status(400).json({
       success: false,
       error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Passwort-Reset fehlgeschlagen',
@@ -194,6 +257,17 @@ export async function logout(req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
         data: { tokenInvalidatedAt: new Date() },
       });
     }
+    const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'LOGOUT',
+      severity: 'INFO',
+      message: `Logout: ${user.email || (user.isCustomerPortal ? 'Portal-User' : 'Mitarbeiter')}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      customerId: ctx.customerId,
+      userEmail: user.email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    });
     res.json({ success: true, message: 'Abgemeldet' } as ApiResponse);
   } catch (error) {
     res.status(500).json({

backend/src/controllers/emailProvider.controller.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { testImapConnection, ImapCredentials } from '../services/imapService.js'
 import { testSmtpConnection, SmtpCredentials } from '../services/smtpService.js';
 import { decrypt } from '../utils/encryption.js';
 import { assertAllowedHost, safeResolveHost } from '../utils/ssrfGuard.js';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent, contextFromRequest } from '../services/securityMonitor.service.js';
 import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
 
 const prisma = new PrismaClient();
@@ -128,6 +129,17 @@ export async function testConnection(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void>
         await safeResolveHost(url.hostname, 'apiUrl-Host');
       } catch (err) {
         if (err instanceof Error && (err.message.includes('geblockte') || err.message.includes('DNS'))) {
+          const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+          emitSecurityEvent({
+            type: 'SSRF_BLOCKED',
+            severity: 'HIGH',
+            message: err.message,
+            ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+            userId: ctx.userId,
+            userEmail: ctx.userEmail,
+            endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+            details: { apiUrl: testData.apiUrl },
+          });
           res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err.message } as ApiResponse);
           return;
         }
@@ -243,6 +255,17 @@ export async function testMailAccess(req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void>
         safeResolveHost(imapServer, 'IMAP-Server'),
       ]);
     } catch (err) {
+      const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+      emitSecurityEvent({
+        type: 'SSRF_BLOCKED',
+        severity: 'HIGH',
+        message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Ungültige Server-Adresse',
+        ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+        userId: ctx.userId,
+        userEmail: ctx.userEmail,
+        endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+        details: { smtpServer, imapServer },
+      });
       res.status(400).json({
         success: false,
         error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Ungültige Server-Adresse',

backend/src/controllers/monitoring.controller.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { Response } from 'express';
+import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
+import { AuthRequest, ApiResponse } from '../types/index.js';
+import * as appSettingService from '../services/appSetting.service.js';
+import { sendAlertEmail, sendDigest } from '../services/securityAlert.service.js';
+import type { SecurityEventType, SecuritySeverity } from '@prisma/client';
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/monitoring/events
+ * Liste der Security-Events mit Filter + Pagination.
+ */
+export async function listEvents(req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const page = parseInt((req.query.page as string) || '1');
+    const limit = Math.min(parseInt((req.query.limit as string) || '50'), 200);
+    const type = req.query.type as SecurityEventType | undefined;
+    const severity = req.query.severity as SecuritySeverity | undefined;
+    const search = req.query.search as string | undefined;
+    const since = req.query.since as string | undefined;
+    const ip = req.query.ip as string | undefined;
+
+    const where: any = {};
+    if (type) where.type = type;
+    if (severity) where.severity = severity;
+    if (ip) where.ipAddress = ip;
+    if (since) where.createdAt = { gte: new Date(since) };
+    if (search) {
+      where.OR = [
+        { message: { contains: search } },
+        { userEmail: { contains: search } },
+        { endpoint: { contains: search } },
+      ];
+    }
+
+    const [events, total, byType, bySeverity] = await Promise.all([
+      prisma.securityEvent.findMany({
+        where,
+        orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
+        take: limit,
+        skip: (page - 1) * limit,
+      }),
+      prisma.securityEvent.count({ where }),
+      prisma.securityEvent.groupBy({
+        by: ['type'],
+        where: since ? { createdAt: { gte: new Date(since) } } : {},
+        _count: true,
+      }),
+      prisma.securityEvent.groupBy({
+        by: ['severity'],
+        where: since ? { createdAt: { gte: new Date(since) } } : {},
+        _count: true,
+      }),
+    ]);
+
+    res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: events,
+      pagination: { page, limit, total, totalPages: Math.ceil(total / limit) },
+      stats: {
+        byType: Object.fromEntries(byType.map((r: any) => [r.type, r._count])),
+        bySeverity: Object.fromEntries(bySeverity.map((r: any) => [r.severity, r._count])),
+      },
+    } as any);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('listEvents error:', error);
+    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: 'Fehler beim Laden der Security-Events' } as ApiResponse);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/monitoring/settings
+ */
+export async function getMonitoringSettings(_req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const alertEmail = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringAlertEmail');
+    const digestEnabled = await appSettingService.getSettingBool('monitoringDigestEnabled');
+    const lastDigest = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringLastDigestAt');
+    res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        alertEmail: alertEmail || '',
+        digestEnabled,
+        lastDigestAt: lastDigest || null,
+      },
+    } as ApiResponse);
+  } catch (error) {
+    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: 'Fehler beim Laden' } as ApiResponse);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * PUT /api/monitoring/settings
+ */
+export async function updateMonitoringSettings(req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const { alertEmail, digestEnabled } = req.body || {};
+    if (typeof alertEmail === 'string') {
+      // Email-Validierung minimal: muss @ enthalten oder leer sein
+      if (alertEmail !== '' && !alertEmail.includes('@')) {
+        res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: 'Ungültige E-Mail-Adresse' } as ApiResponse);
+        return;
+      }
+      await appSettingService.setSetting('monitoringAlertEmail', alertEmail);
+    }
+    if (typeof digestEnabled === 'boolean') {
+      await appSettingService.setSetting('monitoringDigestEnabled', digestEnabled ? 'true' : 'false');
+    }
+    res.json({ success: true, message: 'Einstellungen gespeichert' } as ApiResponse);
+  } catch (error) {
+    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: 'Fehler beim Speichern' } as ApiResponse);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/monitoring/test-alert
+ * Versendet eine Test-Alert-Mail an die konfigurierte Adresse.
+ */
+export async function testAlert(_req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const alertEmail = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringAlertEmail');
+    if (!alertEmail) {
+      res.status(400).json({
+        success: false,
+        error: 'Keine Alert-E-Mail konfiguriert',
+      } as ApiResponse);
+      return;
+    }
+    const result = await sendAlertEmail(alertEmail, {
+      subject: '[OpenCRM] Test-Alert',
+      events: [{
+        type: 'SUSPICIOUS' as any,
+        severity: 'INFO' as any,
+        message: 'Dies ist eine Test-Mail vom Monitoring-System. Alles in Ordnung.',
+        createdAt: new Date(),
+      } as any],
+      isDigest: false,
+    });
+    if (result.success) {
+      res.json({ success: true, message: `Test-Alert an ${alertEmail} versendet` } as ApiResponse);
+    } else {
+      res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: result.error || 'Versand fehlgeschlagen' } as ApiResponse);
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Test-Alert fehlgeschlagen',
+    } as ApiResponse);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/monitoring/run-digest (manueller Trigger für den Hourly-Digest)
+ */
+export async function runDigestNow(_req: AuthRequest, res: Response): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const result = await sendDigest({ force: true });
+    res.json({ success: true, data: result } as ApiResponse);
+  } catch (error) {
+    res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Digest fehlgeschlagen',
+    } as ApiResponse);
+  }
+}

backend/src/index.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ import factoryDefaultsRoutes from './routes/factoryDefaults.routes.js';
 import { downloadFile } from './controllers/fileDownload.controller.js';
 import { startBirthdayScheduler } from './services/birthdayScheduler.service.js';
 import { startContractStatusScheduler } from './services/contractStatusScheduler.service.js';
+import { startSecurityMonitorScheduler } from './services/securityAlert.service.js';
+import monitoringRoutes from './routes/monitoring.routes.js';
 import { auditContextMiddleware } from './middleware/auditContext.js';
 import { auditMiddleware } from './middleware/audit.js';
 import { authenticate } from './middleware/auth.js';
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ app.use('/api/email-logs', emailLogRoutes);
 app.use('/api/pdf-templates', pdfTemplateRoutes);
 app.use('/api/birthdays', birthdayRoutes);
 app.use('/api/factory-defaults', factoryDefaultsRoutes);
+app.use('/api/monitoring', monitoringRoutes);
 
 // Health check
 app.get('/api/health', (req, res) => {
@@ -206,4 +209,5 @@ app.listen(PORT as number, LISTEN_ADDR, () => {
   // Hintergrund-Scheduler (Geburtstagsgrüße etc.) starten
   startBirthdayScheduler();
   startContractStatusScheduler();
+  startSecurityMonitorScheduler();
 });

backend/src/middleware/auth.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';
 import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
 import { AuthRequest, JwtPayload } from '../types/index.js';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent } from '../services/securityMonitor.service.js';
 
 export async function authenticate(
   req: AuthRequest,
@@ -81,7 +82,16 @@ export async function authenticate(
 
     req.user = decoded;
     next();
-  } catch {
+  } catch (err) {
+    // JWT-Failures sind interessant: alg=none, manipulierte Signature,
+    // expired Token. Emit SecurityEvent (asynchron, blockt nicht).
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'TOKEN_REJECTED',
+      severity: err instanceof jwt.TokenExpiredError ? 'LOW' : 'HIGH',
+      message: err instanceof Error ? `JWT abgelehnt: ${err.message}` : 'JWT abgelehnt',
+      ipAddress: req.ip || (req.socket as any)?.remoteAddress || 'unknown',
+      endpoint: `${req.method} ${req.path}`,
+    });
     res.status(401).json({ success: false, error: 'Ungültiger Token' });
   }
 }

backend/src/middleware/rateLimit.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,28 @@
 /**
  * Rate-Limiting-Middleware für sensible Endpoints (Login, Passwort-Reset).
  * Schützt gegen Brute-Force- und Credential-Stuffing-Angriffe.
+ *
+ * Wenn ein Limit überschritten wird, emit() wir zusätzlich ein
+ * SecurityEvent (RATE_LIMIT_HIT) – damit der Monitoring-View und das
+ * Alert-System sehen, wenn jemand auf die Tür hämmert.
  */
 import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent, contextFromRequest } from '../services/securityMonitor.service.js';
+
+function onLimitReached(label: string, severity: 'MEDIUM' | 'HIGH') {
+  return (req: any, _res: any) => {
+    const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+    emitSecurityEvent({
+      type: 'RATE_LIMIT_HIT',
+      severity,
+      message: `Rate-Limit überschritten: ${label}`,
+      ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+      userEmail: req.body?.email,
+      endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+      details: { limiter: label },
+    });
+  };
+}
 
 /**
  * Login: 10 Versuche pro 15 Minuten pro IP.
@@ -19,6 +39,10 @@ export const loginRateLimiter = rateLimit({
   },
   // Erfolgreiche Logins zählen nicht gegen das Limit
   skipSuccessfulRequests: true,
+  handler: (req, res, _next, options) => {
+    onLimitReached('login', 'HIGH')(req, res);
+    res.status(options.statusCode).json(options.message);
+  },
 });
 
 /**
@@ -34,4 +58,8 @@ export const passwordResetRateLimiter = rateLimit({
     success: false,
     error: 'Zu viele Passwort-Reset-Anfragen. Bitte in einer Stunde erneut versuchen.',
   },
+  handler: (req, res, _next, options) => {
+    onLimitReached('password-reset', 'MEDIUM')(req, res);
+    res.status(options.statusCode).json(options.message);
+  },
 });

backend/src/routes/monitoring.routes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { Router } from 'express';
+import { authenticate, requirePermission } from '../middleware/auth.js';
+import * as monitoringController from '../controllers/monitoring.controller.js';
+
+const router = Router();
+router.use(authenticate);
+
+// Monitoring ist Admin-Sache: settings:read fürs Anzeigen, settings:update für Änderungen
+router.get('/events', requirePermission('settings:read'), monitoringController.listEvents);
+router.get('/settings', requirePermission('settings:read'), monitoringController.getMonitoringSettings);
+router.put('/settings', requirePermission('settings:update'), monitoringController.updateMonitoringSettings);
+router.post('/test-alert', requirePermission('settings:update'), monitoringController.testAlert);
+router.post('/run-digest', requirePermission('settings:update'), monitoringController.runDigestNow);
+
+export default router;

backend/src/services/securityAlert.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/**
+ * Security-Alerting:
+ *   - **Sofort-Alert** für CRITICAL-Events (sobald sie entstehen, vom
+ *     Cron alle 60s gepollt) – z.B. Threshold-Überschreitungen.
+ *   - **Hourly-Digest**: einmal pro Stunde Sammlung von HIGH+ Events,
+ *     wenn `monitoringDigestEnabled = true` und mindestens 1 Event vorhanden.
+ *   - **Threshold-Detection**: prüft Brute-Force-Patterns (z.B. >10
+ *     LOGIN_FAILED/h aus gleicher IP) und erzeugt synthetische CRITICAL-
+ *     Events wenn die Schwelle erreicht ist.
+ *
+ * Alle E-Mails laufen über die System-E-Mail-Konfiguration des Providers
+ * (genau wie Geburtstagsgrüße / Passwort-Reset). Daher gleiche Voraussetzungen.
+ */
+import cron from 'node-cron';
+import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
+import { sendEmail, SmtpCredentials } from './smtpService.js';
+import { getSystemEmailCredentials } from './emailProvider/emailProviderService.js';
+import * as appSettingService from './appSetting.service.js';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent } from './securityMonitor.service.js';
+import type { SecurityEvent } from '@prisma/client';
+
+interface AlertEmailParams {
+  subject: string;
+  events: SecurityEvent[];
+  isDigest: boolean;
+}
+
+interface SendResult {
+  success: boolean;
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+function severityIcon(s: string): string {
+  switch (s) {
+    case 'CRITICAL': return '🚨';
+    case 'HIGH': return '⚠️';
+    case 'MEDIUM': return '🟡';
+    case 'LOW': return '🟢';
+    default: return 'ℹ️';
+  }
+}
+
+function eventToHtmlRow(e: SecurityEvent): string {
+  const ts = e.createdAt.toLocaleString('de-DE', { dateStyle: 'short', timeStyle: 'medium' });
+  const ip = e.ipAddress || '–';
+  const who = e.userEmail || (e.userId ? `User #${e.userId}` : e.customerId ? `Kunde #${e.customerId}` : '–');
+  const ep = e.endpoint || '–';
+  return `<tr>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px;font-family:monospace;font-size:11px">${ts}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px">${severityIcon(e.severity)} ${e.severity}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px">${e.type}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px">${e.message}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px">${who}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px;font-family:monospace;font-size:11px">${ip}</td>
+    <td style="padding:4px 8px;font-family:monospace;font-size:11px">${ep}</td>
+  </tr>`;
+}
+
+function buildHtmlEmail(params: AlertEmailParams): string {
+  const rows = params.events.map(eventToHtmlRow).join('\n');
+  const heading = params.isDigest
+    ? `<h2>OpenCRM Security-Digest</h2><p>Übersicht der wichtigen Events der letzten Stunde:</p>`
+    : `<h2>OpenCRM Security-Alert</h2><p>Folgendes Event wurde als kritisch eingestuft:</p>`;
+  return `<!doctype html><html><body style="font-family:sans-serif;color:#222">
+${heading}
+<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px">
+  <thead style="background:#f3f4f6">
+    <tr>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Zeit</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Severity</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Typ</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Nachricht</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Wer</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">IP</th>
+      <th align="left" style="padding:6px 8px">Endpoint</th>
+    </tr>
+  </thead>
+  <tbody>${rows}</tbody>
+</table>
+<p style="margin-top:20px;color:#666;font-size:12px">Diese Mail wurde vom OpenCRM Monitoring-System gesendet.
+Konfiguration: Einstellungen → Monitoring.</p>
+</body></html>`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Versendet einen Alert per E-Mail. Nutzt die System-E-Mail des Providers.
+ */
+export async function sendAlertEmail(toAddress: string, params: AlertEmailParams): Promise<SendResult> {
+  const sysEmail = await getSystemEmailCredentials();
+  if (!sysEmail) {
+    return { success: false, error: 'System-E-Mail nicht konfiguriert (in Einstellungen → E-Mail-Provider)' };
+  }
+
+  const credentials: SmtpCredentials = {
+    host: sysEmail.smtpServer,
+    port: sysEmail.smtpPort,
+    user: sysEmail.emailAddress,
+    password: sysEmail.password,
+    encryption: sysEmail.smtpEncryption,
+    allowSelfSignedCerts: sysEmail.allowSelfSignedCerts,
+  };
+
+  const result = await sendEmail(
+    credentials,
+    sysEmail.emailAddress,
+    {
+      to: toAddress,
+      subject: params.subject,
+      html: buildHtmlEmail(params),
+    },
+    { context: 'security-alert', triggeredBy: 'monitor' },
+  );
+
+  return result.success
+    ? { success: true }
+    : { success: false, error: result.error };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Threshold-Detection: prüft ob in den letzten N Minuten verdächtige Patterns
+ * aufgetreten sind, die einen CRITICAL-Alert rechtfertigen.
+ *
+ * Regeln (alle pro IP):
+ *   - >= 10 LOGIN_FAILED in 60 min  → CRITICAL Brute-Force-Verdacht
+ *   - >=  5 ACCESS_DENIED in 5 min  → CRITICAL IDOR-Probing-Verdacht
+ *   - >=  3 SSRF_BLOCKED in 60 min  → CRITICAL SSRF-Probing
+ *   - >=  3 TOKEN_REJECTED HIGH in 5 min → CRITICAL JWT-Manipulation
+ */
+export async function detectThresholds(): Promise<void> {
+  const now = new Date();
+  const fiveMinAgo = new Date(now.getTime() - 5 * 60 * 1000);
+  const sixtyMinAgo = new Date(now.getTime() - 60 * 60 * 1000);
+
+  type Bucket = {
+    windowStart: Date;
+    type: 'LOGIN_FAILED' | 'ACCESS_DENIED' | 'SSRF_BLOCKED' | 'TOKEN_REJECTED';
+    threshold: number;
+    label: string;
+  };
+  const buckets: Bucket[] = [
+    { windowStart: sixtyMinAgo, type: 'LOGIN_FAILED', threshold: 10, label: 'Brute-Force-Login-Verdacht' },
+    { windowStart: fiveMinAgo, type: 'ACCESS_DENIED', threshold: 5, label: 'IDOR-Probing-Verdacht' },
+    { windowStart: sixtyMinAgo, type: 'SSRF_BLOCKED', threshold: 3, label: 'SSRF-Probing-Verdacht' },
+    { windowStart: fiveMinAgo, type: 'TOKEN_REJECTED', threshold: 3, label: 'JWT-Manipulations-Verdacht' },
+  ];
+
+  for (const b of buckets) {
+    const grouped = await prisma.securityEvent.groupBy({
+      by: ['ipAddress'],
+      where: {
+        type: b.type as any,
+        createdAt: { gte: b.windowStart },
+      },
+      _count: true,
+    });
+    for (const g of grouped) {
+      if ((g._count as number) < b.threshold) continue;
+      // Prüfen ob wir für diese (IP+Type+Stunde) schon einen CRITICAL emittiert haben
+      const hourBucket = new Date(now.getTime() - (now.getTime() % (60 * 60 * 1000)));
+      const existing = await prisma.securityEvent.findFirst({
+        where: {
+          type: 'SUSPICIOUS',
+          severity: 'CRITICAL',
+          ipAddress: g.ipAddress,
+          createdAt: { gte: hourBucket },
+        },
+      });
+      if (existing) continue;
+
+      await emitSecurityEvent({
+        type: 'SUSPICIOUS',
+        severity: 'CRITICAL',
+        message: `${b.label}: ${g._count}× ${b.type} in ${b.windowStart === fiveMinAgo ? '5min' : '60min'} von ${g.ipAddress}`,
+        ipAddress: g.ipAddress,
+        details: { rule: b.type, count: g._count, threshold: b.threshold },
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sendet pending CRITICAL-Events sofort als Einzel-Mails (debounced auf
+ * 1 Mail pro IP pro Stunde, damit nicht spammend).
+ */
+async function sendPendingCriticalAlerts(): Promise<{ sent: number; skipped: number }> {
+  const alertEmail = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringAlertEmail');
+  if (!alertEmail) return { sent: 0, skipped: 0 };
+
+  const pending = await prisma.securityEvent.findMany({
+    where: { severity: 'CRITICAL', alerted: false },
+    orderBy: { createdAt: 'asc' },
+    take: 50,
+  });
+
+  let sent = 0;
+  let skipped = 0;
+  for (const ev of pending) {
+    const result = await sendAlertEmail(alertEmail, {
+      subject: `[OpenCRM] 🚨 ${ev.type}: ${ev.message.substring(0, 80)}`,
+      events: [ev],
+      isDigest: false,
+    });
+    if (result.success) {
+      sent++;
+      await prisma.securityEvent.update({
+        where: { id: ev.id },
+        data: { alerted: true, alertedAt: new Date() },
+      });
+    } else {
+      skipped++;
+      console.error(`[securityAlert] Send failed for event #${ev.id}:`, result.error);
+    }
+  }
+  return { sent, skipped };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Hourly-Digest: alle HIGH-Events der letzten Stunde, die noch nicht
+ * alert-versendet wurden, in einer einzigen Mail zusammenfassen.
+ */
+export async function sendDigest(opts: { force?: boolean } = {}): Promise<{ sent: boolean; eventCount: number; reason?: string }> {
+  const alertEmail = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringAlertEmail');
+  if (!alertEmail) return { sent: false, eventCount: 0, reason: 'Keine Alert-E-Mail konfiguriert' };
+  const enabled = await appSettingService.getSettingBool('monitoringDigestEnabled');
+  if (!enabled && !opts.force) return { sent: false, eventCount: 0, reason: 'Digest deaktiviert' };
+
+  const lastDigestAt = await appSettingService.getSetting('monitoringLastDigestAt');
+  const since = lastDigestAt ? new Date(lastDigestAt) : new Date(Date.now() - 60 * 60 * 1000);
+
+  const events = await prisma.securityEvent.findMany({
+    where: {
+      severity: { in: ['HIGH', 'MEDIUM'] },
+      alerted: false,
+      createdAt: { gte: since },
+    },
+    orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
+    take: 200,
+  });
+
+  if (events.length === 0) {
+    await appSettingService.setSetting('monitoringLastDigestAt', new Date().toISOString());
+    return { sent: false, eventCount: 0, reason: 'Keine neuen Events seit letztem Digest' };
+  }
+
+  const result = await sendAlertEmail(alertEmail, {
+    subject: `[OpenCRM] Security-Digest (${events.length} Events)`,
+    events,
+    isDigest: true,
+  });
+
+  if (result.success) {
+    await prisma.securityEvent.updateMany({
+      where: { id: { in: events.map((e) => e.id) } },
+      data: { alerted: true, alertedAt: new Date() },
+    });
+    await appSettingService.setSetting('monitoringLastDigestAt', new Date().toISOString());
+    return { sent: true, eventCount: events.length };
+  }
+
+  return { sent: false, eventCount: events.length, reason: result.error };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cron-Scheduler:
+ *   - Jede Minute: Threshold-Detection + Sofort-Alerts für CRITICAL
+ *   - Jede volle Stunde: Hourly-Digest (HIGH+MEDIUM)
+ */
+export function startSecurityMonitorScheduler(): void {
+  cron.schedule('* * * * *', async () => {
+    try {
+      await detectThresholds();
+      await sendPendingCriticalAlerts();
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('[securityAlert] minute-cron failed:', err);
+    }
+  });
+
+  cron.schedule('0 * * * *', async () => {
+    try {
+      await sendDigest();
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error('[securityAlert] hourly-digest failed:', err);
+    }
+  });
+
+  console.log('[securityAlert] Scheduler gestartet (1min Threshold-Check, hourly Digest)');
+}

backend/src/services/securityMonitor.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * Security-Monitor: zentrale `emit()`-Funktion für sicherheitsrelevante
+ * Events. Schreibt in die `SecurityEvent`-Tabelle (nicht im AuditLog,
+ * weil hier andere Anforderungen gelten: schnelles Filtern, Threshold-
+ * Detection, Realtime-Alerting statt forensischer Hash-Chain).
+ *
+ * Hooks für die wichtigsten Klassen:
+ *   - LOGIN_FAILED            → Login mit falschem Passwort
+ *   - LOGIN_SUCCESS           → erfolgreicher Login (informativ)
+ *   - RATE_LIMIT_HIT          → express-rate-limit hat zugeschlagen
+ *   - ACCESS_DENIED           → 403 von canAccess* (versuchter IDOR)
+ *   - SSRF_BLOCKED            → ssrfGuard hat geblockt
+ *   - PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST  → Reset angefordert
+ *   - PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIRM  → Reset abgeschlossen
+ *   - LOGOUT                  → expliziter Logout
+ *   - TOKEN_REJECTED          → JWT verify-Failure
+ *   - PERMISSION_CHANGED      → Rolle/Permission-Update
+ *
+ * Sofort-Alert für CRITICAL+HIGH-Events (wenn `monitoringAlertEmail`
+ * konfiguriert), sonst Sammlung im stündlichen Digest.
+ */
+import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
+import type { SecurityEventType, SecuritySeverity } from '@prisma/client';
+
+export interface SecurityEventInput {
+  type: SecurityEventType;
+  severity: SecuritySeverity;
+  message: string;
+  ipAddress?: string | null;
+  userId?: number | null;
+  customerId?: number | null;
+  userEmail?: string | null;
+  endpoint?: string | null;
+  details?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Schreibt ein SecurityEvent. Fehler beim Schreiben werden geschluckt,
+ * damit ein kaputtes Monitoring nicht den Login-Flow stoppt.
+ */
+export async function emit(event: SecurityEventInput): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    await prisma.securityEvent.create({
+      data: {
+        type: event.type,
+        severity: event.severity,
+        message: event.message,
+        ipAddress: event.ipAddress || null,
+        userId: event.userId || null,
+        customerId: event.customerId || null,
+        userEmail: event.userEmail || null,
+        endpoint: event.endpoint || null,
+        details: event.details ? (event.details as any) : undefined,
+      },
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('[securityMonitor] emit failed:', err);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper: aus einem Express-Request die wichtigsten Kontextfelder extrahieren.
+ * Funktioniert sowohl mit AuthRequest (eingeloggt) als auch mit anonymen
+ * Requests (Login-Versuch etc.).
+ */
+export function contextFromRequest(req: any): {
+  ipAddress: string;
+  userId?: number;
+  customerId?: number;
+  userEmail?: string;
+  endpoint: string;
+} {
+  const user = req?.user;
+  return {
+    ipAddress: req?.ip || req?.socket?.remoteAddress || 'unknown',
+    userId: user?.userId,
+    customerId: user?.customerId,
+    userEmail: user?.email,
+    endpoint: `${req?.method || ''} ${req?.path || req?.originalUrl || ''}`.trim(),
+  };
+}

backend/src/utils/accessControl.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,26 @@ import { Response } from 'express';
 import prisma from '../lib/prisma.js';
 import * as authorizationService from '../services/authorization.service.js';
 import { AuthRequest } from '../types/index.js';
+import { emit as emitSecurityEvent, contextFromRequest } from '../services/securityMonitor.service.js';
+
+/**
+ * Wird intern aufgerufen, wenn ein canAccess*-Check 403 zurückgibt.
+ * Schreibt ein SecurityEvent für Monitoring + spätere Threshold-Detection.
+ */
+function emitAccessDenied(req: AuthRequest, label: string, targetId: number | string): void {
+  const ctx = contextFromRequest(req);
+  emitSecurityEvent({
+    type: 'ACCESS_DENIED',
+    severity: 'MEDIUM',
+    message: `Zugriff verweigert: ${label} #${targetId}`,
+    ipAddress: ctx.ipAddress,
+    userId: ctx.userId,
+    customerId: ctx.customerId,
+    userEmail: ctx.userEmail,
+    endpoint: ctx.endpoint,
+    details: { resource: label, targetId },
+  });
+}
 
 /**
  * Prüft ob der authentifizierte User auf einen bestimmten Vertrag zugreifen darf.
@@ -54,6 +74,7 @@ export async function canAccessContract(
   // Fremde Verträge nur mit aktiver Vollmacht
   const representedIds: number[] = (req.user as any).representedCustomerIds || [];
   if (!representedIds.includes(contract.customerId)) {
+    emitAccessDenied(req, 'Contract', contractId);
     res.status(403).json({ success: false, error: 'Kein Zugriff auf diesen Vertrag' });
     return false;
   }
@@ -63,6 +84,7 @@ export async function canAccessContract(
     req.user.customerId,
   );
   if (!hasAuth) {
+    emitAccessDenied(req, 'Contract (Vollmacht fehlt)', contractId);
     res.status(403).json({ success: false, error: 'Vollmacht erforderlich' });
     return false;
   }
@@ -93,12 +115,14 @@ export async function canAccessCustomer(
 
   const representedIds: number[] = (req.user as any).representedCustomerIds || [];
   if (!representedIds.includes(customerId)) {
+    emitAccessDenied(req, 'Customer', customerId);
     res.status(403).json({ success: false, error: 'Kein Zugriff auf diese Kundendaten' });
     return false;
   }
 
   const hasAuth = await authorizationService.hasAuthorization(customerId, req.user.customerId);
   if (!hasAuth) {
+    emitAccessDenied(req, 'Customer (Vollmacht fehlt)', customerId);
     res.status(403).json({ success: false, error: 'Vollmacht erforderlich' });
     return false;
   }

docs/SECURITY-HARDENING.md

@@ -175,6 +175,45 @@ Plus Error-Handler: `err.status` wird respektiert (413/400 statt pauschalem 500)
   oder Contract → `canAccessCustomer`/`canAccessContract`. Backwards-
   Compat-Shim für `/api/uploads/*` ruft denselben Owner-Check.
 
+### Runde 10 – Security-Monitoring + Alerting
+
+Defense-in-Depth: was nicht durch Code-Härtung verhindert wurde, soll jetzt
+zumindest **gesehen** werden. Ergänzt:
+
+- **Neues Modell `SecurityEvent`** (Prisma) mit Type/Severity/IP/User/Endpoint
+  + Indexen für schnelles Filter+Threshold-Detection.
+- **Service `securityMonitor.service.ts`** mit zentraler `emit()`-Funktion.
+  Hooks an: Login (Success/Failed), Logout, Rate-Limit-Hit, IDOR-403
+  (`canAccessCustomer`/`canAccessContract`), SSRF-Block, Password-Reset
+  (Request + Confirm), JWT-Reject (`alg=none`, expired etc.).
+- **Service `securityAlert.service.ts`** mit:
+  - **Threshold-Detection** (jede Minute via Cron): >10 LOGIN_FAILED/h aus
+    gleicher IP, >5 ACCESS_DENIED/5min, >3 SSRF_BLOCKED/h, >3 TOKEN_REJECTED
+    HIGH/5min → erzeugt synthetische CRITICAL-Events.
+  - **Sofort-Alert**: CRITICAL-Events werden binnen 1 Minute per Email versendet
+    (debounced, max. 1× pro Stunde + IP).
+  - **Hourly-Digest**: HIGH+MEDIUM-Events der letzten Stunde gesammelt
+    in einer Mail (wenn `monitoringDigestEnabled = true`).
+- **Settings-Page „Sicherheits-Monitoring"** in Einstellungen:
+  Alert-E-Mail-Feld, Digest-Toggle, Test-Alert-Button, Digest-jetzt-Button,
+  Stats-Cards pro Severity, Filter (Type/Severity/Search/IP), Pagination,
+  Auto-Refresh alle 30s.
+- **API-Routes** unter `/api/monitoring/{events,settings,test-alert,run-digest}`
+  – alle hinter `settings:read` / `settings:update`.
+
+Live-verifiziert (1. Mai 2026):
+
+| Test                                                | Resultat                                            |
+| --------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
+| Login-Fehlversuch                                   | ✅ `LOW LOGIN_FAILED` Event erzeugt                  |
+| Login-Erfolg                                        | ✅ `INFO LOGIN_SUCCESS` Event                        |
+| Portal-User probiert 4× fremde Customer-IDs         | ✅ 4× `MEDIUM ACCESS_DENIED` Events                  |
+| Admin SSRF-Probe (169.254.169.254)                  | ✅ `HIGH SSRF_BLOCKED` Event                         |
+| 12× LOGIN_FAILED von gleicher IP innerhalb 60 min  | ✅ Cron erzeugt `CRITICAL SUSPICIOUS` Event nach ≤60s |
+| CRITICAL-Sofort-Alert per E-Mail                    | ✅ binnen 30 s zugestellt                            |
+| Test-Alert-Button                                   | ✅ E-Mail mit Test-Marker zugestellt                 |
+| Hourly-Digest mit 5 Events                          | ✅ E-Mail mit Tabellen-Übersicht zugestellt          |
+
 ### Runde 9 – Diminishing-Returns-Runde
 
 Nichts Kritisches mehr gefunden. Liefert noch:
@@ -289,7 +328,8 @@ Vor jedem Launch mit echten Tokens probieren.
 | `4e91d96` | 6       | Customer-List-Leak + XFF-Bypass + Auth-Toggle                  |
 | `12b9abe` | 7       | SSRF-Schutz + Logout                                           |
 | `d063d67` | 8       | DNS-Rebinding + Per-File-Ownership                             |
-| (folgt)   | 9       | `npm audit fix` + Audit-Chain-Rehash + Doku                    |
+| `c9a2b9f` | 9       | `npm audit fix` + Audit-Chain-Rehash + Doku                    |
+| (folgt)   | 10      | Security-Monitoring (SecurityEvent + Hooks + Alerts + UI)      |
 
 ---
 

docs/todo.md

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ isolierte Instanz (keine Multi-Tenancy im Code), Provisioning + Abrechnung
     `cancellationConfirmationDate` genügen, um "gesendet vs. bestätigt"
     abzubilden. `ACTIVE` bleibt bis zur Bestätigung.
 
-- [x] **🛡️ Security-Hardening vor Production-Deployment (9 Runden)**
+- [x] **🛡️ Security-Hardening vor Production-Deployment (10 Runden)**
   - Vollständige Story inkl. aller Live-Test-Tabellen + Trade-offs:
     **[SECURITY-HARDENING.md](./SECURITY-HARDENING.md)**
   - Erste 2 Runden zusätzlich ausführlich in
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@ isolierte Instanz (keine Multi-Tenancy im Code), Provisioning + Abrechnung
     - Runde 8: DNS-Rebinding-Schutz, Per-File-Ownership-Check
     - Runde 9: `npm audit fix` (8 Vulns weg), Audit-Chain-Rehash, keine
       neuen Critical-Findings → diminishing returns erreicht
+    - Runde 10: Security-Monitoring (SecurityEvent-Tabelle + Hooks an
+      Login/IDOR/SSRF/Reset/Logout/JWT-Reject + Threshold-Detection +
+      Sofort-Alert für CRITICAL + Hourly-Digest + UI in Einstellungen)
   - Deployment-Checkliste komplett (in HARDENING.md)
 
 - [x] **🎉 Version 1.0.0 Feinschliff: Passwort-Reset + Rate-Limiting + Auto-Geburtstagsgrüße**

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import DatabaseBackup from './pages/settings/DatabaseBackup';
 import FactoryDefaults from './pages/settings/FactoryDefaults';
 import AuditLogs from './pages/settings/AuditLogs';
 import EmailLogPage from './pages/settings/EmailLogs';
+import Monitoring from './pages/settings/Monitoring';
 import GDPRDashboard from './pages/settings/GDPRDashboard';
 import UserList from './pages/users/UserList';
 import Settings from './pages/Settings';
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ function App() {
         <Route path="settings/factory-defaults" element={<FactoryDefaults />} />
         <Route path="settings/audit-logs" element={<AuditLogs />} />
         <Route path="settings/email-logs" element={<EmailLogPage />} />
+        <Route path="settings/monitoring" element={<Monitoring />} />
         <Route path="settings/gdpr" element={<GDPRDashboard />} />
         <Route path="settings/privacy-policy" element={<PrivacyPolicyEditor />} />
         <Route path="settings/authorization-template" element={<AuthorizationTemplateEditor />} />

frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { useAuth } from '../context/AuthContext';
 import Card from '../components/ui/Card';
-import { Settings as SettingsIcon, Code, Store, Clock, Calendar, UserCog, ChevronRight, Building2, FileType, Eye, Globe, Mail, Database, Shield, FileText, FileEdit, PackageCheck } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Settings as SettingsIcon, Code, Store, Clock, Calendar, UserCog, ChevronRight, Building2, FileType, Eye, Globe, Mail, Database, Shield, ShieldAlert, FileText, FileEdit, PackageCheck } from 'lucide-react';
 
 export default function Settings() {
   const { hasPermission, developerMode, setDeveloperMode } = useAuth();
@@ -238,6 +238,27 @@ export default function Settings() {
                 </div>
               </Link>
             )}
+            {hasPermission('settings:read') && (
+              <Link
+                to="/settings/monitoring"
+                className="block p-4 bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-lg shadow-sm hover:shadow-md hover:border-orange-300 transition-all group"
+              >
+                <div className="flex items-start gap-4">
+                  <div className="p-2 bg-orange-50 rounded-lg group-hover:bg-orange-100 transition-colors">
+                    <ShieldAlert className="w-6 h-6 text-orange-600" />
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="flex-1">
+                    <h3 className="font-semibold text-gray-900 group-hover:text-orange-600 transition-colors flex items-center gap-2">
+                      Sicherheits-Monitoring
+                      <ChevronRight className="w-4 h-4 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity" />
+                    </h3>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">
+                      Login-Fehlversuche, IDOR-Abwehr, SSRF-Blocks etc. + Alert-E-Mail-Adresse konfigurieren.
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </Link>
+            )}
             {hasPermission('gdpr:admin') && (
               <Link
                 to="/settings/gdpr"

frontend/src/pages/settings/Monitoring.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
+import toast from 'react-hot-toast';
+import { monitoringApi, type SecurityEventType, type SecuritySeverity } from '../../services/api';
+import Card from '../../components/ui/Card';
+import Button from '../../components/ui/Button';
+import Input from '../../components/ui/Input';
+import Select from '../../components/ui/Select';
+import { ArrowLeft, Send, RefreshCw, Mail, ShieldAlert, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from 'lucide-react';
+
+const TYPE_OPTIONS: { value: SecurityEventType | ''; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: '', label: 'Alle Typen' },
+  { value: 'LOGIN_FAILED', label: 'Login fehlgeschlagen' },
+  { value: 'LOGIN_SUCCESS', label: 'Login erfolgreich' },
+  { value: 'RATE_LIMIT_HIT', label: 'Rate-Limit greift' },
+  { value: 'ACCESS_DENIED', label: 'Zugriff verweigert (IDOR)' },
+  { value: 'SSRF_BLOCKED', label: 'SSRF blockiert' },
+  { value: 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST', label: 'Passwort-Reset angefordert' },
+  { value: 'PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIRM', label: 'Passwort-Reset bestätigt' },
+  { value: 'LOGOUT', label: 'Logout' },
+  { value: 'TOKEN_REJECTED', label: 'Token abgelehnt' },
+  { value: 'PERMISSION_CHANGED', label: 'Berechtigung geändert' },
+  { value: 'SUSPICIOUS', label: 'Verdächtig (Threshold)' },
+];
+
+const SEVERITY_OPTIONS: { value: SecuritySeverity | ''; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: '', label: 'Alle Stufen' },
+  { value: 'INFO', label: 'Info' },
+  { value: 'LOW', label: 'Niedrig' },
+  { value: 'MEDIUM', label: 'Mittel' },
+  { value: 'HIGH', label: 'Hoch' },
+  { value: 'CRITICAL', label: 'Kritisch' },
+];
+
+function severityClass(s: SecuritySeverity): string {
+  switch (s) {
+    case 'CRITICAL': return 'bg-red-100 text-red-800 border border-red-300';
+    case 'HIGH': return 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-800 border border-orange-300';
+    case 'MEDIUM': return 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-800 border border-yellow-300';
+    case 'LOW': return 'bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 border border-blue-300';
+    default: return 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-700 border border-gray-300';
+  }
+}
+
+function severityIcon(s: SecuritySeverity): string {
+  switch (s) {
+    case 'CRITICAL': return '🚨';
+    case 'HIGH': return '⚠️';
+    case 'MEDIUM': return '🟡';
+    case 'LOW': return '🟢';
+    default: return 'ℹ️';
+  }
+}
+
+export default function Monitoring() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const queryClient = useQueryClient();
+
+  const [page, setPage] = useState(1);
+  const [filters, setFilters] = useState({
+    type: '' as SecurityEventType | '',
+    severity: '' as SecuritySeverity | '',
+    search: '',
+    ip: '',
+  });
+
+  const [alertEmail, setAlertEmail] = useState('');
+  const [digestEnabled, setDigestEnabled] = useState(false);
+
+  // Settings laden
+  const { data: settingsData } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ['monitoring-settings'],
+    queryFn: monitoringApi.getSettings,
+  });
+
+  // States nach Laden synchronisieren (nur initial)
+  if (settingsData?.data && alertEmail === '' && settingsData.data.alertEmail !== '') {
+    setAlertEmail(settingsData.data.alertEmail);
+    setDigestEnabled(settingsData.data.digestEnabled);
+  }
+
+  // Events laden
+  const { data: eventsData, isLoading: eventsLoading } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ['monitoring-events', page, filters],
+    queryFn: () => monitoringApi.getEvents({ page, limit: 50, ...filters }),
+    refetchInterval: 30_000,  // alle 30s neu laden
+  });
+
+  const saveSettings = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () => monitoringApi.updateSettings({ alertEmail, digestEnabled }),
+    onSuccess: () => {
+      toast.success('Einstellungen gespeichert');
+      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['monitoring-settings'] });
+    },
+    onError: (e: Error) => toast.error(e.message || 'Speichern fehlgeschlagen'),
+  });
+
+  const testAlert = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () => monitoringApi.testAlert(),
+    onSuccess: (res) => toast.success(res.message || 'Test-Alert versendet'),
+    onError: (e: Error) => toast.error(e.message || 'Test fehlgeschlagen'),
+  });
+
+  const runDigest = useMutation({
+    mutationFn: () => monitoringApi.runDigest(),
+    onSuccess: (res) => {
+      const r = res.data;
+      if (r?.sent) toast.success(`Digest mit ${r.eventCount} Events versendet`);
+      else toast(r?.reason || 'Kein Digest versendet', { icon: 'ℹ️' });
+    },
+    onError: (e: Error) => toast.error(e.message || 'Digest fehlgeschlagen'),
+  });
+
+  const events = eventsData?.data || [];
+  const stats = eventsData?.stats;
+  const pagination = eventsData?.pagination;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="container mx-auto px-4 py-6 max-w-7xl">
+      <div className="mb-6">
+        <Button variant="ghost" onClick={() => navigate('/settings')} className="mb-2">
+          <ArrowLeft className="w-4 h-4 mr-1" /> Zurück zu Einstellungen
+        </Button>
+        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold flex items-center gap-2">
+          <ShieldAlert className="w-6 h-6 text-orange-500" /> Sicherheits-Monitoring
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-gray-600 text-sm mt-1">
+          Sicherheitsrelevante Ereignisse + Alert-Einstellungen.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Settings */}
+      <Card className="mb-6">
+        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+          <Mail className="w-5 h-5" /> Alert-Empfänger
+        </h2>
+        <div className="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-4">
+          <div>
+            <Input
+              label="E-Mail-Adresse für Alerts"
+              type="email"
+              value={alertEmail}
+              onChange={(e) => setAlertEmail(e.target.value)}
+              placeholder="security@deine-firma.de"
+            />
+            <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Leer lassen, um Alerts zu deaktivieren.</p>
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex items-end gap-3">
+            <label className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                checked={digestEnabled}
+                onChange={(e) => setDigestEnabled(e.target.checked)}
+                className="w-4 h-4"
+              />
+              <span className="text-sm">Stündlicher Digest (HIGH+MEDIUM Events)</span>
+            </label>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex gap-3 flex-wrap">
+          <Button onClick={() => saveSettings.mutate()} disabled={saveSettings.isPending}>
+            Speichern
+          </Button>
+          <Button variant="secondary" onClick={() => testAlert.mutate()} disabled={!alertEmail || testAlert.isPending}>
+            <Send className="w-4 h-4 mr-1" /> Test-Alert senden
+          </Button>
+          <Button variant="secondary" onClick={() => runDigest.mutate()} disabled={!alertEmail || runDigest.isPending}>
+            <RefreshCw className="w-4 h-4 mr-1" /> Digest jetzt ausführen
+          </Button>
+          {settingsData?.data?.lastDigestAt && (
+            <span className="text-xs text-gray-500 self-center">
+              Letzter Digest: {new Date(settingsData.data.lastDigestAt).toLocaleString('de-DE')}
+            </span>
+          )}
+        </div>
+        <div className="mt-3 text-xs text-gray-600">
+          <strong>Sofort-Alert:</strong> CRITICAL-Events (z.B. Brute-Force-Verdacht) werden binnen 1 Minute per
+          E-Mail versendet.<br />
+          <strong>Digest:</strong> HIGH+MEDIUM-Events werden zur vollen Stunde gesammelt verschickt (wenn aktiviert).
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+
+      {/* Stats-Cards */}
+      {stats && (
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-5 gap-3 mb-6">
+          {(['CRITICAL', 'HIGH', 'MEDIUM', 'LOW', 'INFO'] as SecuritySeverity[]).map((sev) => (
+            <Card key={sev}>
+              <div className={`text-xs font-semibold ${severityClass(sev).split(' ').filter((c) => c.startsWith('text-'))[0]}`}>
+                {severityIcon(sev)} {sev}
+              </div>
+              <div className="text-2xl font-bold mt-1">{stats.bySeverity[sev] || 0}</div>
+            </Card>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Filter */}
+      <Card className="mb-4">
+        <div className="grid sm:grid-cols-4 gap-3">
+          <Select
+            label="Typ"
+            value={filters.type}
+            onChange={(e) => { setFilters((f) => ({ ...f, type: e.target.value as any })); setPage(1); }}
+            options={TYPE_OPTIONS}
+          />
+          <Select
+            label="Severity"
+            value={filters.severity}
+            onChange={(e) => { setFilters((f) => ({ ...f, severity: e.target.value as any })); setPage(1); }}
+            options={SEVERITY_OPTIONS}
+          />
+          <Input
+            label="Suche (Nachricht/User/Endpoint)"
+            value={filters.search}
+            onChange={(e) => { setFilters((f) => ({ ...f, search: e.target.value })); setPage(1); }}
+            placeholder="z.B. admin@admin.com"
+          />
+          <Input
+            label="IP-Adresse"
+            value={filters.ip}
+            onChange={(e) => { setFilters((f) => ({ ...f, ip: e.target.value })); setPage(1); }}
+            placeholder="z.B. 1.2.3.4"
+          />
+        </div>
+      </Card>
+
+      {/* Tabelle */}
+      <Card>
+        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">Events</h2>
+        {eventsLoading ? (
+          <div className="text-gray-500 py-4">Lade…</div>
+        ) : events.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="text-gray-500 py-8 text-center">Keine Events für diese Filter.</div>
+        ) : (
+          <div className="overflow-x-auto">
+            <table className="w-full text-sm">
+              <thead className="bg-gray-50 text-left">
+                <tr>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2 whitespace-nowrap">Zeit</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Severity</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Typ</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Nachricht</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Wer</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">IP</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Endpoint</th>
+                  <th className="px-3 py-2">Alert</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody>
+                {events.map((e) => (
+                  <tr key={e.id} className="border-t hover:bg-gray-50">
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs whitespace-nowrap">
+                      {new Date(e.createdAt).toLocaleString('de-DE', { dateStyle: 'short', timeStyle: 'medium' })}
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2">
+                      <span className={`inline-block px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-xs font-semibold ${severityClass(e.severity)}`}>
+                        {severityIcon(e.severity)} {e.severity}
+                      </span>
+                    </td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{e.type}</td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2">{e.message}</td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs">{e.userEmail || (e.userId ? `User #${e.userId}` : e.customerId ? `Kunde #${e.customerId}` : '–')}</td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{e.ipAddress || '–'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{e.endpoint || '–'}</td>
+                    <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs">{e.alerted ? '✉️ ja' : '–'}</td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          </div>
+        )}
+        {pagination && pagination.totalPages > 1 && (
+          <div className="flex justify-between items-center mt-4 text-sm">
+            <span>Seite {pagination.page} von {pagination.totalPages} ({pagination.total} Einträge)</span>
+            <div className="flex gap-2">
+              <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onClick={() => setPage((p) => Math.max(1, p - 1))} disabled={page <= 1}>
+                <ChevronLeft className="w-4 h-4" /> Zurück
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" onClick={() => setPage((p) => p + 1)} disabled={page >= pagination.totalPages}>
+                Weiter <ChevronRight className="w-4 h-4" />
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/services/api.ts

@@ -1426,6 +1426,71 @@ export interface EmailLog {
   sentAt: string;
 }
 
+// ==================== MONITORING ====================
+
+export type SecurityEventType =
+  | 'LOGIN_FAILED' | 'LOGIN_SUCCESS' | 'RATE_LIMIT_HIT' | 'ACCESS_DENIED'
+  | 'SSRF_BLOCKED' | 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST' | 'PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIRM'
+  | 'LOGOUT' | 'TOKEN_REJECTED' | 'PERMISSION_CHANGED' | 'SUSPICIOUS';
+
+export type SecuritySeverity = 'INFO' | 'LOW' | 'MEDIUM' | 'HIGH' | 'CRITICAL';
+
+export interface SecurityEvent {
+  id: number;
+  type: SecurityEventType;
+  severity: SecuritySeverity;
+  message: string;
+  ipAddress: string | null;
+  userId: number | null;
+  customerId: number | null;
+  userEmail: string | null;
+  endpoint: string | null;
+  details: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+  alerted: boolean;
+  alertedAt: string | null;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+export interface MonitoringSettings {
+  alertEmail: string;
+  digestEnabled: boolean;
+  lastDigestAt: string | null;
+}
+
+export const monitoringApi = {
+  getEvents: async (params?: { page?: number; limit?: number; type?: SecurityEventType | ''; severity?: SecuritySeverity | ''; search?: string; ip?: string; since?: string }) => {
+    const q = new URLSearchParams();
+    if (params?.page) q.set('page', String(params.page));
+    if (params?.limit) q.set('limit', String(params.limit));
+    if (params?.type) q.set('type', params.type);
+    if (params?.severity) q.set('severity', params.severity);
+    if (params?.search) q.set('search', params.search);
+    if (params?.ip) q.set('ip', params.ip);
+    if (params?.since) q.set('since', params.since);
+    const res = await api.get<ApiResponse<SecurityEvent[]> & {
+      pagination: { page: number; limit: number; total: number; totalPages: number };
+      stats: { byType: Record<string, number>; bySeverity: Record<string, number> };
+    }>(`/monitoring/events?${q}`);
+    return res.data;
+  },
+  getSettings: async () => {
+    const res = await api.get<ApiResponse<MonitoringSettings>>('/monitoring/settings');
+    return res.data;
+  },
+  updateSettings: async (data: { alertEmail?: string; digestEnabled?: boolean }) => {
+    const res = await api.put<ApiResponse<void>>('/monitoring/settings', data);
+    return res.data;
+  },
+  testAlert: async () => {
+    const res = await api.post<ApiResponse<void>>('/monitoring/test-alert');
+    return res.data;
+  },
+  runDigest: async () => {
+    const res = await api.post<ApiResponse<{ sent: boolean; eventCount: number; reason?: string }>>('/monitoring/run-digest');
+    return res.data;
+  },
+};
+
 export const emailLogApi = {
   getLogs: async (params?: { page?: number; limit?: number; success?: string; search?: string; context?: string }) => {
     const query = new URLSearchParams();