Security-Hardening Runde 10: Security-Monitoring + Alerting

Defense-in-Depth für alles, was in den ersten 9 Runden nicht durch Code
verhindert wurde: zumindest gesehen + alarmiert werden.

📊 SecurityEvent-Tabelle (Prisma)
- Type/Severity/IP/User/Endpoint + Indexen für Filter+Threshold-Detection
- Trennt sich vom AuditLog: AuditLog ist forensisch + hash-gekettet,
  SecurityEvent ist optimiert für Realtime-Alerting + Aggregation.

🪝 Hooks an kritischen Stellen
- Login (Success/Failed) – auth.controller
- Logout, Password-Reset (Request + Confirm) – auth.controller
- Rate-Limit-Hit – middleware/rateLimit
- IDOR-403 – utils/accessControl (canAccessCustomer / canAccessContract)
- SSRF-Block – emailProvider.controller (test-connection + test-mail-access)
- JWT-Reject (alg=none, expired, manipuliert) – middleware/auth

🚨 Threshold-Detection + Alerting (securityAlert.service.ts)
- Cron jede Minute: prüft Brute-Force-Patterns je IP
  - 10× LOGIN_FAILED in 60 min  → CRITICAL Brute-Force-Verdacht
  -  5× ACCESS_DENIED in 5 min  → CRITICAL IDOR-Probing-Verdacht
  -  3× SSRF_BLOCKED in 60 min  → CRITICAL SSRF-Probing
  -  3× TOKEN_REJECTED HIGH in 5 min → CRITICAL JWT-Manipulation
- CRITICAL-Events: Sofort-Alert per E-Mail (debounced)
- Cron stündlich: Digest mit HIGH+MEDIUM-Events (wenn aktiviert)
- Sofort-Alert + Digest laufen über System-E-Mail-Provider
  (gleicher Pfad wie Geburtstagsgrüße, Passwort-Reset)

🖥 Frontend: Settings → "Sicherheits-Monitoring"
- Alert-E-Mail-Adresse + Digest-Toggle
- Test-Alert-Button + Digest-jetzt-Button
- Stats-Cards pro Severity (CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/INFO)
- Filter (Type/Severity/Search/IP) + Pagination
- Auto-Refresh alle 30 s
- Verlinkt aus Settings-Übersicht (settings:read Permission)

🧪 Live-verifiziert
- Login-Fehlversuch → LOGIN_FAILED Event
- Portal probt 4× fremde Customer-IDs → 4× ACCESS_DENIED
- SSRF-Probe (169.254.169.254) → SSRF_BLOCKED Event
- 12× LOGIN_FAILED simuliert → Cron erzeugt CRITICAL nach ≤60s
- CRITICAL-Sofort-Alert binnen 30s zugestellt
- Test-Alert-Button: E-Mail zugestellt
- Hourly-Digest mit 5 Events: E-Mail mit Tabelle zugestellt

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import DatabaseBackup from './pages/settings/DatabaseBackup';
 import FactoryDefaults from './pages/settings/FactoryDefaults';
 import AuditLogs from './pages/settings/AuditLogs';
 import EmailLogPage from './pages/settings/EmailLogs';
+import Monitoring from './pages/settings/Monitoring';
 import GDPRDashboard from './pages/settings/GDPRDashboard';
 import UserList from './pages/users/UserList';
 import Settings from './pages/Settings';
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ function App() {
         <Route path="settings/factory-defaults" element={<FactoryDefaults />} />
         <Route path="settings/audit-logs" element={<AuditLogs />} />
         <Route path="settings/email-logs" element={<EmailLogPage />} />
+        <Route path="settings/monitoring" element={<Monitoring />} />
         <Route path="settings/gdpr" element={<GDPRDashboard />} />
         <Route path="settings/privacy-policy" element={<PrivacyPolicyEditor />} />
         <Route path="settings/authorization-template" element={<AuthorizationTemplateEditor />} />